Nos primeiros anos escolares surgem vários desafios para a criança, obviamente, mas também para os pais e professores, cujo maior desejo é que os pequenotes tenham um percurso escolar de sucesso. Porém, as aulas, trabalhos de casa e estudo para os testes nem sempre são momentos fáceis, principalmente para as crianças mais “cabeça na lua”, que se distraem mais e necessitam de ajuda para controlarem impulsos e manterem o foco nas tarefas escolares. Neste sentido, e com o 3º período à porta, revemos algumas estratégias práticas para os adultos auxiliarem os mais pequenos.
Organização
- Premeie a criança por ter a sua mesa de trabalho arrumada e apenas com o material estritamente necessário.
- Evite o material escolar muito sofisticado (p.ex: estojos, canetas coloridas) que possa dispersar a atenção da criança.
- Retirem os estímulos distratores do ambiente de estudo, como brinquedos ou aparelhos tecnológicos.
Instruções
- Quando parece que a criança não ouve o que lhe diz, utilize o contacto físico para lhe atrair a atenção, olhando nos olhos e com uma voz suave mas firme, peça-lhe para repetir o que tinha dito, e caso a criança não se lembre, volte a dar-lhe a informação.
- Tente não dar instruções simultaneamente – forneça uma instrução de cada vez.
- As instruções dadas devem ser curtas, repartidas em pequenas partes, num tom de voz tranquilo, mas firme.
- Dê a instrução de forma clara, simples e objetiva.
- Confirme se a criança compreendeu as instruções ou explicações, encorajando-a a dizer por palavras suas o que lhe foi solicitado.
Gestão do tempo
- As tarefas complexas ou longas devem ser divididas em pequenas tarefas, por exemplo, dar primeiro uma folha da ficha de trabalho e quando terminar a tarefa, entregar a página seguinte e assim sucessivamente.
- A criança deve ser ajudada a priorizar tarefas e gerir o tempo de realização das mesmas:
- 1º ler todo o enunciado;
- 2º estabelecer uma ordem de prioridades (ex: primeiro deve fazer a parte escrita e depois pinta a figura);
- 3º ajudar a distribuir o tempo disponível pelas diferentes questões em função do seu grau de dificuldade (tempos mais curtos repartidos serão mais facilmente geridos pela criança).
Motivação
- Tenha paciência! Em momentos mais tensos, tente respirar fundo e lembrar-se que a criança não está distraída de propósito para o irritar.
- Ignore pequenos comportamentos desadequados e evite as críticas constantes. Estas podem contribuir para o sentimento de incompreensão e frustração do aluno e consequente desmotivação escolar.
- Valorize o esforço (não apenas os resultados) e reforce o comportamento da criança sempre que possível, através de elogios “muito bem”, “gosto de ver o teu esforço”, “reparei que estiveste atento!” e gestos motivadores (sorriso, piscar de olho, polegar levantado, festa no braço).
Raquel Carvalho
Psicóloga Clínica
Equipa Mindkiddo – Oficina de Psicologia
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